Chuck Girt, Chief Technology Officer
{Please note: This is the fourth article in a five-part series. Click here for previous posts.}
As networks become more complex and dynamic, the traditional approach of manually configuring devices is no longer sustainable. Enter Intent-Based Networking (IBN)—a paradigm shift that allows network operators to define what they want the network to do, rather than how to do it.
What Is Intent in Networking?
In simple terms, intent is a high-level, human-readable expression of a desired network outcome. Instead of writing low-level configurations, operators define goals like:
- Ensure all traffic between finance servers is encrypted.
- Block access to the HR database from external IPs.
- Maintain 99.99% uptime for customer-facing services.
The network then interprets this intent and automatically configures itself to meet the objective.
How Intent-Based Networking Works
Intent-Based Networking systems typically follow a five-step process:
1. Intent Definition – The operator defines the desired outcome using a declarative interface or natural language.
2. Translation – The system translates the intent into device-level configurations and policies.
3. Validation – It checks for feasibility, policy conflicts, and compliance with security rules.
4. Automation & Enforcement – The system applies the configuration across the network infrastructure.
5. Assurance – It continuously monitors the network to ensure the intent is being met and can alert or self-correct if deviations occur.
Real-World Examples
- Access Control: Only authorized users can access the production database.
- Traffic Engineering: Prioritize video conferencing traffic during business hours.
- Security: Isolate IoT devices from the corporate network.
- These intents are translated into firewall rules, QoS policies, and segmentation configurations—automatically.
Technologies Enabling Intent
- SDN (Software-Defined Networking): Provides centralized control and programmability.
- AI/ML: Helps interpret intent, detect anomalies, and optimize performance.
- LLMs: Enables natural language interfaces for defining and querying intent.
- Platforms: Cisco DNA Center, Juniper Apstra, and VMware NSX are leading examples.
Benefits of Intent-Based Networking
- Simplifies operations by abstracting complexity
- Reduces human error through automation
- Improves agility with faster deployment of changes
- Enhances security via consistent policy enforcement
- Enables closed-loop automation with real-time feedback
Challenges to Consider
- Intent ambiguity: Natural language can be vague or misinterpreted.
- Integration complexity: Legacy systems may not support intent-based models.
- Trust and transparency: Operators need visibility into how intent is enforced.
The Future: Self-Driving Networks
Intent is a foundational concept in the journey toward self-driving networks—infrastructure that configures, monitors, and heals itself based on high-level goals. As AI and automation mature, intent will become the primary interface between humans and networks. Intent-based networking is more than a buzzword—it’s a strategic shift in how we design and operate networks. By focusing on outcomes instead of configurations, IBN empowers teams to build more resilient, secure, and agile infrastructures.
5 Part Series “AI in Network Operations“
1: The Strategic Role of AI in Modern Network Operations